Paintings in the Temple
E074196 Painting - Detail, Bali, Indonesia, Southeast Asia. Ider Ider detail
© Australian Museum
photographer: AM, Photography Dept - Gregory Millen
- © Australian Museum
E070532 - 13/2/1964, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074160 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074161 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074162 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074163 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074164 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074165 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074166 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074167 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074168 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074169 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074170 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074171 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074172 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074173 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074174 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074175 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074176 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074177 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074178 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074179 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074180 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074181 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074182 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074183 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074184 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074185 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074186 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074187 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074188 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074189 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074190 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074191 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074192 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074193 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074194 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074195 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074196 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074197 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074198 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074199 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074200 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074201 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074202 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074203 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074204 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074205 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074206 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074207 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074208 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074209 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074210 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074211 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074212 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074213 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074214 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074215 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074216 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074217 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074218 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074219 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074220 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074221 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074222 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074223 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074224 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074225 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074226 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074227 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074228 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074229 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074230 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074231 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074232 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074233 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074234 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074237 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074238 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074239 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074240 - 25/10/1976, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074245 - 25/10/1976, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074246 - 25/10/1976, painting, Bangli, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074247 - 25/10/1976, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074248 - 25/10/1976, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074249 - 25/10/1976, painting, Bangli, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074252-001 - 25/10/1976, painting, Batuan, Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074253 - 25/10/1976, painting, Batuan, Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074254 - 25/10/1976, painting, , Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074257 - 25/10/1976, painting, Sukawati, Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074260-001 - 25/10/1976, painting, Djasi, Karangasem District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074260-002 - 25/10/1976, painting, Djasi, Karangasem District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074261 - 25/10/1976, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074262 - 25/10/1976, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074263 - 25/10/1976, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074633 - 16/5/1977, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074950 - 16/9/1977, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E074951 - 16/9/1977, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076373 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076374 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076375 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076376 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076377 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076378 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076379 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076380 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076381 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076382 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076383 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076384 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076385 - 23/10/1979, painting, , Bandung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076386 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076387 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076388 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076389 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076390 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076391 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076392 - 23/10/1979, painting, Wangoyo Gede, Tabanan District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076393 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076394 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076395 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076396 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076397 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kabo Kabo, Tabanan District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076398 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076399 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076400 - 23/10/1979, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076401 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076402 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076403 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076404 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076405 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076406 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076407 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076408 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076409 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076410 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076411 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076412 - 23/10/1979, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076413 - 21/8/1984, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E076414 - 21/8/1984, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E081699 - 3/5/1988, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E081916 - 19/9/1991, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E085347 - 1/2/1990, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E085348 - 1/2/1990, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E089479 - 19/9/1991, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E089480 - 19/9/1991, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E089481 - 19/9/1991, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E089519 - 17/2/1992, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E089727 - 7/3/1993, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E090021 - 0/0/0, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E090022 - 0/0/0, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E090023 - 0/0/0, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E090024 - 0/0/0, painting, , , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E090091 - 2/12/1995, painting, Kamasan, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E090127 - 7/2/1996, painting, Ubud, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094626 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094627 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094628 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094629 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094630 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094631 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094632 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094633 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094634 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094635 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094636 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094637 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094638 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094639 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094640 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094641 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094642 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094643 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094644 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094645 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094646 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094647 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast - © Australian Museum
E094651 - 9/5/2012, painting, Kamasan, , Bali, Indonesia, Asia, Southeast
Kamasan or classical Balinese paintings are used in different contexts - sacred and secular. They decorate temples to delight gods and enhance ceremonial splendor, but can also play an active role in rituals where deities actually descend into paintings.
Paintings decorate royal palaces and residences of nobles to enhance the status of aristocrats and people of influence. Paintings decorate modest local temples, private homes, public spaces, galleries and museums. They are sold and given as gifts to Balinese and foreigners. They can be bought at the markets or commissioned from accomplished artists.
In 1978 Anthony Forge, who initiated major research project on Kamasan paintings, observed that ‘the position of Balinese traditional painting within this complicated cultural and social framework is far from clearcut.’ Perhaps now, in the 21st century, it is even clearer that Kamasan paintings are commodities in the globalised market where art and culture is for sale along rice, meat and steel.
And yet it would be hard to imagine and understand Kamasan paintings exclusively as works of art or purely as decorations. For this reason, Anthony Forge and other scholars, including Adrian Vickers, have attempted to understand and explain Balinese paintings in their ritual role, in the temple where paintings are a part of sacred decorum and the paraphernalia of worship.
Paintings decorate royal palaces and residences of nobles to enhance the status of aristocrats and people of influence. Paintings decorate modest local temples, private homes, public spaces, galleries and museums. They are sold and given as gifts to Balinese and foreigners. They can be bought at the markets or commissioned from accomplished artists.
In 1978 Anthony Forge, who initiated major research project on Kamasan paintings, observed that ‘the position of Balinese traditional painting within this complicated cultural and social framework is far from clearcut.’ Perhaps now, in the 21st century, it is even clearer that Kamasan paintings are commodities in the globalised market where art and culture is for sale along rice, meat and steel.
And yet it would be hard to imagine and understand Kamasan paintings exclusively as works of art or purely as decorations. For this reason, Anthony Forge and other scholars, including Adrian Vickers, have attempted to understand and explain Balinese paintings in their ritual role, in the temple where paintings are a part of sacred decorum and the paraphernalia of worship.
